הבדלים בין גרסאות בדף "יחס חוזק/משקל"

מתוך Climbing_Encyclopedia
קפיצה אל: ניווט, חיפוש
(יצירת דף עם התוכן "'''יחס חוזק/משקל'''או '''יחס חוזק למשקל''', נקרא גם חוזק סגולי (באנגלית: '''specific strength''', '''strength-to-w...")
 
(Examples)
שורה 23: שורה 23:
 
! Material !! data-sort-type="number" | [[Tensile strength]] <br /> ([[Megapascal|MPa]])!! data-sort-type="number" |[[Density]] <br /> ([[Gram|g]]/[[Cubic centimetre|cm³]])!! data-sort-type="number" | Specific strength<br /> ([[Kilonewton|kN]]·[[Metre|m]]/[[Kilogram|kg]]) !! data-sort-type="number" |Breaking length <br />([[Kilometre|km]]) !! Source
 
! Material !! data-sort-type="number" | [[Tensile strength]] <br /> ([[Megapascal|MPa]])!! data-sort-type="number" |[[Density]] <br /> ([[Gram|g]]/[[Cubic centimetre|cm³]])!! data-sort-type="number" | Specific strength<br /> ([[Kilonewton|kN]]·[[Metre|m]]/[[Kilogram|kg]]) !! data-sort-type="number" |Breaking length <br />([[Kilometre|km]]) !! Source
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Concrete]] || 2–5 || 2.30 || 5.22 || 0.44 ||
+
| align="left"| בטון || 2–5 || 2.30 || 5.22 || 0.44 ||
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Rubber]] || 15 || 0.92 || 16.3 || 1.66 ||  
+
| align="left"| גומי || 15 || 0.92 || 16.3 || 1.66 ||  
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Copper]] || 220 || 8.92 || 24.7 || 2.51 ||  
+
| align="left"| נחושת || 220 || 8.92 || 24.7 || 2.51 ||  
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Polypropylene]] / PP || 25–40 || 0.90 || 28–44 || 2.8–4.5 || <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polypropylene.html</ref>
+
| align="left"| פולח / PP || 25–40 || 0.90 || 28–44 || 2.8–4.5 || <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polypropylene.html</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
 
| align="left"| (Poly)[[acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene]] / ABS || 41–45 || 1.05 || 39–43 ||  || <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.html</ref>
 
| align="left"| (Poly)[[acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene]] / ABS || 41–45 || 1.05 || 39–43 ||  || <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.html</ref>
שורה 39: שורה 39:
 
| align="left"| [[Polylactic acid]] / Polylactide / PLA || 53 || 1.24 || 43 ||  || <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polylactic-acid-Biopolymer.html</ref>
 
| align="left"| [[Polylactic acid]] / Polylactide / PLA || 53 || 1.24 || 43 ||  || <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polylactic-acid-Biopolymer.html</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Carbon Steel|Low Carbon Steel]] (AISI 1010) || 365 || 7.87 || 46.4 || 4.73 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = AISI 1010 Steel, cold drawn |url = http://www.matweb.com/search/datasheetText.aspx?bassnum=M1010A | website = matweb.com|accessdate = 2015-10-20}}</ref>
+
| align="left"| פלדה דלת פחמן (AISI 1010) || 365 || 7.87 || 46.4 || 4.73 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = AISI 1010 Steel, cold drawn |url = http://www.matweb.com/search/datasheetText.aspx?bassnum=M1010A | website = matweb.com|accessdate = 2015-10-20}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Stainless steel]] (304) ||505 || 8.00 || 63.1 || 6.4 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MQ304A|website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2015-10-20}}</ref>
+
| align="left"| פלב״מ (נירוסטה) (304) ||505 || 8.00 || 63.1 || 6.4 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MQ304A|website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2015-10-20}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Brass]] || 580 || 8.55 || 67.8 || 6.91 || <ref name="roymech">{{cite web|url=http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Matter/Copper_Alloys.html|title=Properties of Copper Alloys|work=roymech.co.uk}}</ref>
+
| align="left"| ברונזה || 580 || 8.55 || 67.8 || 6.91 || <ref name="roymech">{{cite web|url=http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Matter/Copper_Alloys.html|title=Properties of Copper Alloys|work=roymech.co.uk}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Nylon]] || 78 || 1.13 || 69.0 || 7.04 || <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polyamide-Nylon-6.html</ref>
+
| align="left"| [[ניילון]] || 78 || 1.13 || 69.0 || 7.04 || <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polyamide-Nylon-6.html</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left" | [[Titanium]] || 344 || 4.51 || 76 || 7.75 || <ref>{{cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MTU020|website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2016-11-14}}</ref>
+
| align="left" | טיטניום || 344 || 4.51 || 76 || 7.75 || <ref>{{cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MTU020|website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2016-11-14}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left" | [[41xx steel|CrMo Steel]] (4130) || 560–670 || 7.85 || 71–85 || 7.27–8.70 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=m4130r |website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2016-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=M4130A |website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2016-08-18}}</ref>
+
| align="left" | [[41xx פלדת |CrMo Steel]] (4130) || 560–670 || 7.85 || 71–85 || 7.27–8.70 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=m4130r |website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2016-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=M4130A |website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2016-08-18}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left" | [[6061 aluminum alloy|Aluminium alloy]] (6061-T6) || 310 || 2.70 || 115 || 11.70 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA6061T6 |website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2016-08-18}}</ref>
+
| align="left" | [[6061 סגסוגת אלומיניום]] (6061-T6) || 310 || 2.70 || 115 || 11.70 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA6061T6 |website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2016-08-18}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
 
| align="left"| [[Oak]] || 90 || 0.78–0.69 || 115–130 || 12–13 || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.io.tudelft.nl/research/dfs/idemat/Onl_db/Id192p.htm |title=Environmental data: Oak wood |accessdate=2006-04-17 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009144917/http://www.io.tudelft.nl/research/dfs/idemat/Onl_db/Id192p.htm |archivedate=9 October 2007 |df= }}</ref>
 
| align="left"| [[Oak]] || 90 || 0.78–0.69 || 115–130 || 12–13 || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.io.tudelft.nl/research/dfs/idemat/Onl_db/Id192p.htm |title=Environmental data: Oak wood |accessdate=2006-04-17 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009144917/http://www.io.tudelft.nl/research/dfs/idemat/Onl_db/Id192p.htm |archivedate=9 October 2007 |df= }}</ref>
שורה 57: שורה 57:
 
| align="left"| [[Inconel]] (X-750) || 1250 || 8.28 || 151 || 15.4 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=NINC35|website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2015-10-20}}</ref>
 
| align="left"| [[Inconel]] (X-750) || 1250 || 8.28 || 151 || 15.4 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=NINC35|website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2015-10-20}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Magnesium alloy]] || 275 || 1.74 || 158 || 16.1 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efunda.com/Materials/alloys/magnesium/properties.cfm|title=eFunda: Typical Properties of Magnesium Alloys|publisher=}}</ref>
+
| align="left"| סגסוגת מגנזיום || 275 || 1.74 || 158 || 16.1 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efunda.com/Materials/alloys/magnesium/properties.cfm|title=eFunda: Typical Properties of Magnesium Alloys|publisher=}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left" | [[Aluminium alloy]] (7075-T6) || 572 || 2.81 || 204 || 20.8 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA7075T6|website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2015-10-20}}</ref>
+
| align="left" | [[סגסוגת אלומיניום]] (7075-T6) || 572 || 2.81 || 204 || 20.8 || <ref>{{Cite web|title = ASM Material Data Sheet|url = http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA7075T6|website = asm.matweb.com|accessdate = 2015-10-20}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left" | [[Titanium alloy]] (Beta C) || 1250 || 4.81 || 260 || 26.5 || <ref>{{cite web|title = AZo Materials Data Sheet|url = http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1843|website = azom.com|accessdate = 2016-11-14}}</ref>
+
| align="left" | סגסוגת טיטניום (Beta C) || 1250 || 4.81 || 260 || 26.5 || <ref>{{cite web|title = AZo Materials Data Sheet|url = http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1843|website = azom.com|accessdate = 2016-11-14}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
 
| align="left"| [[Bainite]] || 2500 || 7.87 || 321 || 32.4 || <ref name="Bhadeshia">
 
| align="left"| [[Bainite]] || 2500 || 7.87 || 321 || 32.4 || <ref name="Bhadeshia">
שורה 67: שורה 67:
 
</ref>
 
</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Balsa]] || 73 || 0.14 || 521 || 53.2 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatGUID=368427cdadb34b10a66b55c264d49c23|title=MatWeb - The Online Materials Information Resource|work=matweb.com}}</ref>
+
| align="left"| עץ בלזה || 73 || 0.14 || 521 || 53.2 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatGUID=368427cdadb34b10a66b55c264d49c23|title=MatWeb - The Online Materials Information Resource|work=matweb.com}}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer|Carbon-epoxy composite]] || 1240 || 1.58 || 785 || 80.0 || <ref>
+
| align="left"| סיבי פחמן + אפוקסי || 1240 || 1.58 || 785 || 80.0 || <ref>
 
McGRAW-HILL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Science & Technology, 8th Edition, (c)1997, vol. 1 p 375</ref>
 
McGRAW-HILL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Science & Technology, 8th Edition, (c)1997, vol. 1 p 375</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Spider silk]] || 1400 || 1.31 || 1069 || 109 ||
+
| align="left"| קורי עכביש || 1400 || 1.31 || 1069 || 109 ||
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
 
| align="left"| [[Silicon carbide]] fiber || 3440 || 3.16 || 1088 || 110 || <ref>[http://www.specmaterials.com/silicarbsite.htm Specialty Materials, Inc SCS Silicon Carbide Fibers]</ref>
 
| align="left"| [[Silicon carbide]] fiber || 3440 || 3.16 || 1088 || 110 || <ref>[http://www.specmaterials.com/silicarbsite.htm Specialty Materials, Inc SCS Silicon Carbide Fibers]</ref>
שורה 88: שורה 88:
 
| align="left"| [[Kevlar]] || 3620 || 1.44 || 2514 || 256 || <ref name="ngcc">{{cite web |url=http://www.ngcc.org.uk/info/ch1.html |title=Network Group for Composites in Construction: Introduction to Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites |accessdate=2006-04-17 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118112908/http://www.ngcc.org.uk/info/ch1.html |archivedate=January 18, 2006 |df= }}</ref>
 
| align="left"| [[Kevlar]] || 3620 || 1.44 || 2514 || 256 || <ref name="ngcc">{{cite web |url=http://www.ngcc.org.uk/info/ch1.html |title=Network Group for Composites in Construction: Introduction to Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites |accessdate=2006-04-17 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118112908/http://www.ngcc.org.uk/info/ch1.html |archivedate=January 18, 2006 |df= }}</ref>
 
|- align="right"
 
|- align="right"
| align="left"| [[Dyneema]] ([[Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene|UHMWPE]]) || 3600 || 0.97 || 3711 || 378 || <ref>{{cite web |title= Dyneema Fact sheet | publisher = [[DSM (Company)|DSM]] |url= http://www.dsm.com/products/dyneema/en_GB/home.html |date= {{date|2008-01-01}} }}</ref>
+
| align="left"| [[דיינימה]] ([[Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene|UHMWPE]]) || 3600 || 0.97 || 3711 || 378 || <ref>{{cite web |title= Dyneema Fact sheet | publisher = [[DSM (Company)|DSM]] |url= http://www.dsm.com/products/dyneema/en_GB/home.html |date= {{date|2008-01-01}} }}</ref>
  
 
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שורה 94: שורה 94:
 
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|- align="right"
  
| align="left"| [[Carbon fiber]] (Toray T1100G) ||7000 ||1.79 ||3911 || 399 ||<ref name="Toray Composites Materials America, Co., Ltd.">{{Cite web|author=Toray Composites Materials America, Co., Ltd.
+
| align="left"| סיבי פחמן (Toray T1100G) ||7000 ||1.79 ||3911 || 399 ||<ref name="Toray Composites Materials America, Co., Ltd.">{{Cite web|author=Toray Composites Materials America, Co., Ltd.
 
|title=T1100S, INTERMEDIATE MODULUS CARBON FIBER|url=https://www.toraycma.com/file_viewer.php?id=5136|format=free download PDF}}</ref>
 
|title=T1100S, INTERMEDIATE MODULUS CARBON FIBER|url=https://www.toraycma.com/file_viewer.php?id=5136|format=free download PDF}}</ref>
  
שורה 109: שורה 109:
 
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The data of this table is from best cases, and has been established for giving a rough figure.
+
הנתונים בטבלה אינם נתונים הנדסיים, והם רק על מנת לתת אומדן גס של היכולות של חומרים שונים, כמובן.
*Note: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes have the highest tensile strength of any material yet measured, with labs producing them at a tensile strength of 63 GPa,<ref name="Strength and Breaking"/> still well below their theoretical limit of 300 GPa. The first nanotube ropes (20&nbsp;mm long) whose tensile strength was published (in 2000) had a strength of 3.6 GPa, still well below their theoretical limit.<ref>
 
[https://archive.is/20121228021322/http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/77/3161/1 "Tensile strength of single-walled carbon nanotubes directly measured from their macroscopic ropes"]
 
by F. Li, H. M. Cheng, S. Bai, G. Su, and M. S. Dresselhaus. {{doi|10.1063/1.1324984}}
 
</ref> The density is different depending on the manufacturing method, and the lowest value is 0.037 or 0.55 (solid).<ref name="K.Hata"/>
 
  
 
==The 'Yuri' and space tethers==
 
==The 'Yuri' and space tethers==

גרסה מ־01:20, 17 באפריל 2019

יחס חוזק/משקלאו יחס חוזק למשקל, נקרא גם חוזק סגולי (באנגלית: specific strength, strength-to-weight ratio או strength/weight ratio או אפילו strength-to-mass ratio) הוא היחס בין החוזק של חומר (שמוגדר ככוח ליחידת שטח, או המאמץ ברגע הכשל) ובין הצפיפות שלו. בחומרים רכים כמו טקסטיל מדובר על כשל במשיכה. בחומרים קשים מדובר על כשל במשיכה או בדחיסה.

עוד דרך לתאר את החוזק הסגולי של חומר היא לבחון את האורך לכשל, או את אורך הנשיאה העצמי של החומר. נדמיין עמוד או מוט ארוך של החומר, שתלוי רק מלמעלה. ברור, שבאורך מספיק גדול, המקטע העליון לא יוכל לשאת את המשקל וייקרע. לצורך זה, הכוח שגורם לכשל הוא כוח הכבידה של כדור הארץ, שמחושב על פני כל האורך של עמודת החומר לקבלת המשקל בכשל. לדוגמה, חבל טיפוס ששוקל כ-60גרם למטר, יכול לשאת משקל של 2200קילוגרם, בערך. זה אומר שאורך הקריעה הנשיאה העצמי שלו הוא קצת יותר מ-36.5 ק״מ!

ברור, שחבל שלא יכול לשאת את משקלו העצמי לא יתפקד בכלל כחבל...



The specific strength is a material's strength (force per unit area at failure) divided by its density. It is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio or strength-to-mass ratio. In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength. The SI unit for specific strength is Pa m3/kg, or N·m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m2/s2, though the latter form is rarely used.

Another way to describe specific strength is breaking length, also known as self support length: the maximum length of a vertical column of the material (assuming a fixed cross-section) that could suspend its own weight when supported only at the top. For this measurement, the definition of weight is the force of gravity at the Earth's surface (standard gravity, 9.80665 m/s2) applying to the entire length of the material, not diminishing with height. This usage is more common with certain specialty fiber or textile applications.

The materials with the highest specific strengths are typically fibers such as carbon fiber, glass fiber and various polymers, and these are frequently used to make composite materials (e.g. carbon fiber-epoxy). These materials and others such as titanium, aluminium, magnesium and high strength steel alloys are widely used in aerospace and other applications where weight savings are worth the higher material cost.

Note that strength and stiffness are distinct. Both are important in design of efficient and safe structures.

Examples

Specific tensile strength of various materials
Material Tensile strength
(MPa)
Density
(g/cm³)
Specific strength
(kN·m/kg)
Breaking length
(km)
Source
בטון 2–5 2.30 5.22 0.44
גומי 15 0.92 16.3 1.66
נחושת 220 8.92 24.7 2.51
פולח / PP 25–40 0.90 28–44 2.8–4.5 <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polypropylene.html</ref>
(Poly)acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene / ABS 41–45 1.05 39–43 <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.html</ref>
Polyethylene terephthalate / Polyester / PET 80 1.3–1.4 57–62 <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polyethylene-terephthalate.html</ref>
Piano wire / ASTM 228 Steel 1590-3340 7.8 204-428 <ref>http://www.matweb.com/search/datasheet_print.aspx?matguid=4bcaab41d4eb43b3824d9de31c2c6849</ref>
Polylactic acid / Polylactide / PLA 53 1.24 43 <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polylactic-acid-Biopolymer.html</ref>
פלדה דלת פחמן (AISI 1010) 365 7.87 46.4 4.73 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
פלב״מ (נירוסטה) (304) 505 8.00 63.1 6.4 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
ברונזה 580 8.55 67.8 6.91 <ref name="roymech">תבנית:Cite web</ref>
ניילון 78 1.13 69.0 7.04 <ref>http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polyamide-Nylon-6.html</ref>
טיטניום 344 4.51 76 7.75 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
CrMo Steel (4130) 560–670 7.85 71–85 7.27–8.70 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref><ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
6061 סגסוגת אלומיניום (6061-T6) 310 2.70 115 11.70 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
Oak 90 0.78–0.69 115–130 12–13 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
Inconel (X-750) 1250 8.28 151 15.4 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
סגסוגת מגנזיום 275 1.74 158 16.1 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
סגסוגת אלומיניום (7075-T6) 572 2.81 204 20.8 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
סגסוגת טיטניום (Beta C) 1250 4.81 260 26.5 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
Bainite 2500 7.87 321 32.4 <ref name="Bhadeshia">

52nd Hatfield Memorial Lecture: "Large Chunks of Very Strong Steel" by H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia 2005. on archive.is </ref>

עץ בלזה 73 0.14 521 53.2 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
סיבי פחמן + אפוקסי 1240 1.58 785 80.0 <ref>

McGRAW-HILL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Science & Technology, 8th Edition, (c)1997, vol. 1 p 375</ref>

קורי עכביש 1400 1.31 1069 109
Silicon carbide fiber 3440 3.16 1088 110 <ref>Specialty Materials, Inc SCS Silicon Carbide Fibers</ref>
Glass fiber 3400 2.60 1307 133 <ref name="vectran">תבנית:Cite web</ref>
Basalt fiber 4840 2.70 1790 183 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
1 μm iron whiskers 14000 7.87 1800 183 <ref name="Bhadeshia" />
Vectran 2900 1.40 2071 211 <ref name="vectran" />
Carbon fiber (AS4) 4300 1.75 2457 250 <ref name="vectran" />
Kevlar 3620 1.44 2514 256 <ref name="ngcc">תבנית:Cite web</ref>
דיינימה (UHMWPE) 3600 0.97 3711 378 <ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>
Zylon 5800 1.54 3766 384 <ref name="Toyobo Co., Ltd.">תבנית:Cite web</ref>
סיבי פחמן (Toray T1100G) 7000 1.79 3911 399 <ref name="Toray Composites Materials America, Co., Ltd.">תבנית:Cite web</ref>
Carbon nanotube (see note below) 62000 0.037–1.34 46268–N/A 4716–N/A <ref name="Strength and Breaking">תבנית:Cite journal</ref><ref name="K.Hata">תבנית:Cite web</ref>
Miralon carbon nanotube yarn C-series 1375 0.7–0.9 1100 112 <ref name="NanoComp">תבנית:Cite web</ref>
Colossal carbon tube 6900 .116 59483 6066 <ref name="CCT">תבנית:Cite journal</ref>
Graphene 130500 2.090 62453 6366 <ref name="nobelprize.org">תבנית:Cite web</ref>
Fundamental limit תבנית:Val תבנית:Val <ref name="Brown 2012">תבנית:Cite journal</ref>

הנתונים בטבלה אינם נתונים הנדסיים, והם רק על מנת לתת אומדן גס של היכולות של חומרים שונים, כמובן.

The 'Yuri' and space tethers

The International Space Elevator Consortium has proposed the "Yuri" as a name for the SI units describing specific strength. Specific strength is of fundamental importance in the description of space elevator cable materials. One Yuri is conceived to be the SI unit for yield stress (or breaking stress) per unit of density of a material under tension. So, the units for one Yuri are Pa m3 / kg. This unit is equivalent to one N m / kg, which is the breaking/yielding force per linear density of the cable under tension.<ref>Strong Tether Challenge 2013</ref><ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref> A functional Earth space elevator would require a tether of 30-80 MegaYuri (corresponding to 3100–8200 km of breaking length).<ref>תבנית:Cite web</ref>

Fundamental limit on specific strength

The null energy condition places a fundamental limit on the specific strength of any material.<ref name="Brown 2012"/> The specific strength is bounded to be no greater than c2 ~ תבנית:ValkN·m/kg, where c is the speed of light. This limit is achieved by electric and magnetic field lines, QCD flux tubes, and the fundamental strings hypothesized by string theory.תבנית:Cn

Tenacity (textile strength)

תבנית:About

Tenacity is the customary measure of strength of a fiber or yarn. It is usually defined as the ultimate (breaking) force of the fiber (in gram-force units) divided by the denier. Because denier is a measure of the linear density, the tenacity works out to be not a measure of force per unit area, but rather a quasi-dimensionless measure analogous to specific strength.<ref>תבנית:Cite book</ref> A tenacity of עיבוד הנוסחה נכשל (קובץ ההפעלה <code>texvc</code> אינו זמין. נא לעיין ב־math/README כדי להגדירו.): 1 corresponds to:תבנית:Cn עיבוד הנוסחה נכשל (קובץ ההפעלה <code>texvc</code> אינו זמין. נא לעיין ב־math/README כדי להגדירו.): \frac{1 {\rm \, g} \cdot 9.80665 {\rm \, m s^{-2}}}{1 {\rm \, g}/9000 {\rm \, m}}=\frac{9.80665 {\rm \, m s^{-2}}}{1/9000 {\rm \, m}}=9.80665 {\rm \, m s^{-2}} \, 9000 {\rm \, m} = 88259.85 {\rm \, m^2 s^{-2}}

See also

References

תבנית:Reflist

External links